CG4 Analyze the causes and challenges of continuing and new conflicts
'Making peace work is an endless process' - Bill Clinton
Review the Following Modern Conflicts and Answer the Questions Associated with Each One.
Communist Terrorism in Peru
Overview
In the 1980s, Shining Path became one of the most ruthless terrorist groups in the Western Hemisphere. The Peruvian government made dramatic gains against Shining Path during the 1990s, killing a large number of militants. Shining Path's stated goal is to destroy existing Peruvian institutions and replace them with a communist peasant revolutionary regime. It also opposes any influence by foreign governments. Shining Path has conducted indiscriminate bombing campaigns, ambushes, and selective assassinations. Remnants of Shining Path now focus on drug-trafficking and production activities to obtain funds to carry out attacks. the government’s failure to address the root causes of the insurgency has allowed the group to remain active
In the 1980s, Shining Path became one of the most ruthless terrorist groups in the Western Hemisphere. The Peruvian government made dramatic gains against Shining Path during the 1990s, killing a large number of militants. Shining Path's stated goal is to destroy existing Peruvian institutions and replace them with a communist peasant revolutionary regime. It also opposes any influence by foreign governments. Shining Path has conducted indiscriminate bombing campaigns, ambushes, and selective assassinations. Remnants of Shining Path now focus on drug-trafficking and production activities to obtain funds to carry out attacks. the government’s failure to address the root causes of the insurgency has allowed the group to remain active
Assignment:
- What was the reason for the start of the Shining Path?
- What means do the Shining Path use to gain control?
- How do the Shining Path make their money?
- Briefly describe the current state of the Shining Path compared to its strength in the 20th century.
Shining Path: Communists in Peru
Shining Path: Tide of War
Shining Path: Rise and Fall
Video 2:51 US Position
Video 3:27 Shining Light Today
Shining Path: Tide of War
Shining Path: Rise and Fall
Video 2:51 US Position
Video 3:27 Shining Light Today
Palestine/Israeli Conflict
Overview:
The Israeli government has continued to enforce severe and discriminatory restrictions on Palestinians’ human rights; restrict the movement of people and goods into and out of the Gaza Strip; and facilitate the unlawful transfer of Israeli citizens to settlements in the occupied West Bank. in 2017, Israeli authorities destroyed 381 homes and other property, forcibly displacing 588 people as of November 6, in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as part of discriminatory practices that reject almost all building permit applications submitted by Palestinians-WorldReport
The Israeli government has continued to enforce severe and discriminatory restrictions on Palestinians’ human rights; restrict the movement of people and goods into and out of the Gaza Strip; and facilitate the unlawful transfer of Israeli citizens to settlements in the occupied West Bank. in 2017, Israeli authorities destroyed 381 homes and other property, forcibly displacing 588 people as of November 6, in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as part of discriminatory practices that reject almost all building permit applications submitted by Palestinians-WorldReport
Assignment:
- Describe the cooperative agreement made between Palestinians and Israelis concerning the West Bank:
- What is an Intifada and how are they carried out?
- What happened in 1967 and who did it mean for the Gaza territory
- What did Israel do in 2005 concerning the Gaza territory
- What happened in May 2018 to reignite tensions between Palestinians and Israelis
- What did the Balfour Declaration decide?
Ukraine Conflict
Overview
Since 2014, a military conflict between Ukrainian soldiers and Russian-backed separatists has continued in eastern Ukraine. More than 10,000 people have been killed. The conflict erupted out of the people of Ukraine demanding that it join a trade agreement with the European Union against the wishes of the Russian backed government, the people overthrew this puppet government resulting in Russia invading to prevent Ukraine from joining the European Union.
Since 2014, a military conflict between Ukrainian soldiers and Russian-backed separatists has continued in eastern Ukraine. More than 10,000 people have been killed. The conflict erupted out of the people of Ukraine demanding that it join a trade agreement with the European Union against the wishes of the Russian backed government, the people overthrew this puppet government resulting in Russia invading to prevent Ukraine from joining the European Union.
Assignment:
- Describe three important events that helped to create tension between Russia and Ukraine
- What is Russia’s main reason for invading Crimea and destabilizing Ukraine
- What type of warfare is being used in this conflict? Terrorism or private militia? defend your answer with evidence.
- What steps have been taken to ease tensions?
Event Timeline
Video Overview of Conflict
Summary of the Conflict
Ukraine Conflict Resources
Conflict in Ukraine
Video Overview of Conflict
Summary of the Conflict
Ukraine Conflict Resources
Conflict in Ukraine
North Ireland Conflict
Overview
Today Ireland is split between an Irish Catholic South and an English controlled North, which is Protestant. Despite some intermingling of the English and Irish population, the two were never completely united. As a result, two populations, with differing interests and faiths, find themselves living in a small island side by side. In 1801 the Act of Union was passed, which made Ireland and England one state, and created the United Kingdom. In the Union, the Catholic Irish became second class citizens to the English Protestants. In 1921 the Government of Ireland Act was passed, splitting Ireland into two. Trouble instantly erupted in the North, in 1921, a campaign of violence was launched by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) for control of North Ireland.
Today Ireland is split between an Irish Catholic South and an English controlled North, which is Protestant. Despite some intermingling of the English and Irish population, the two were never completely united. As a result, two populations, with differing interests and faiths, find themselves living in a small island side by side. In 1801 the Act of Union was passed, which made Ireland and England one state, and created the United Kingdom. In the Union, the Catholic Irish became second class citizens to the English Protestants. In 1921 the Government of Ireland Act was passed, splitting Ireland into two. Trouble instantly erupted in the North, in 1921, a campaign of violence was launched by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) for control of North Ireland.
Questions
- What happened in the 1960’s when Catholics marched for Civil Rights?
- What steps have been taken to promote cooperation Between English and Irish sides?
- What is the main cause of the tension? ethnic, territorial, religious, nationalist differences? Explain.
- What was Bloody Sunday (1972)?
- What type of warfare was used, what types of attacks took place?
Kashmir
Overview
Predominantly Hindu India and Muslim-majority Pakistan have fought three wars since 1947, when the countries both gained independence from the UK, and came close to another war in 1999. Wars in 1947 and 1965 were fought directly over Kashmir, and ongoing violence has killed more than 47,000 people since 1989. Both countries claim complete ownership of Kashmir; also in the picture is China, which controls around 20% of Kashmir territory. Conflict over Kashmir is still ongoing
Predominantly Hindu India and Muslim-majority Pakistan have fought three wars since 1947, when the countries both gained independence from the UK, and came close to another war in 1999. Wars in 1947 and 1965 were fought directly over Kashmir, and ongoing violence has killed more than 47,000 people since 1989. Both countries claim complete ownership of Kashmir; also in the picture is China, which controls around 20% of Kashmir territory. Conflict over Kashmir is still ongoing
Questions:
- What percentage of Kashmir is Muslim?
- What was the result of the Sino-Indian war of October 1962?
- What led to the creation of the “line of control” agreed to in 1972 and has it helped to stop the conflict? Explain.
- What type of warfare is used in the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan (Terrorism, Private Militaries, Nation ? Give an example to support your answer.
Al Qaeda
Overview
Osama Bin Laden and the terrorist group al Qaeda sponsored, managed, and financially supported training camps in Afghanistan, which were used to instruct members and associates of al Qaeda in the use of firearms, explosives, chemical weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction. In addition to providing training in the use of various weapons, these camps were used to conduct operational planning against United States targets around the world and experiments in the use of chemical and biological weapons.
Osama Bin Laden and the terrorist group al Qaeda sponsored, managed, and financially supported training camps in Afghanistan, which were used to instruct members and associates of al Qaeda in the use of firearms, explosives, chemical weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction. In addition to providing training in the use of various weapons, these camps were used to conduct operational planning against United States targets around the world and experiments in the use of chemical and biological weapons.
Questions:
- What is the goal of Al Qaeda, is it ethnic, territorial, religious, nationalist? Defend your answer.
- How does Al Qaeda try and achieve their goal, what type of warfare do they use? Provide evidence for your answer.
- What are some notable attacks Al Qaeda has carried out, and what has the international response been?
- Who was Bin Laden and what did he have to do with Al Qaeda?